I cannot duplicate the result. If I process the following file:
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\documentclass[letterpaper,12pt,oneside]{article}
\usepackage[spanish,es-lcroman]{babel}
\setlength{\textwidth}{16.1cm}
\setlength{\textheight}{23.44cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{1cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-0.8cm}
\usepackage{pxfonts}
\usepackage{lipsum}% for creating dummy text
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-20]% creates dummy text
\end{document}
And then process the same file without the \usepackage{pxfonts}, the margins of the document are exactly the same. Adding this package does not change them, nor do I see why it ever would.
If there is more going on in your document, perhaps some other package or setting is responsible. Can you provide a
minimal working example which we can use to reproduce the problem?
However, you should know that the standard and probably best way to set margins in a (pdf)LaTeX document is to use the
geometry package, rather that direct length commands, as so:
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\usepackage[top=2cm,bottom=2cm,right=3cm,left=3cm]{geometry}
(Change the values to whatever is suitable.)