Math & Science ⇒ Big matrix equation and matrix rows vertical alignment

[mgulin]

Hi all!

Is it possible to align rows of 2 matrices, please see attached fig for example. Rows are not aligned, but I want them to be, so that the equation is more intuitive.

Thanks!

Best,
Marko.

[mgulin]

I did the hack with \vphantom, but that is not elegant solution. I hope there is a package that enables this.

[Johannes_B]

Can you post the code that outputs the screenshot?
It is much easier to help having some code. Nobody wants to type in the numbers to make a test document.

[mgulin]

Here I post the code without \vphantom hack:

Code: Select all

\documentclass[conference]{article}


\usepackage[cmex10]{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\newcommand*{\mathminus}{%
  \leavevmode
  \hphantom{0}%
  \llap{%
    \settowidth{\dimen0 }{$0$}%
    \resizebox{1.1\dimen0 }{\height}{$-$}%
  }%
}

\begin{document}

$$
\begin{bmatrix}
\mathminus m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
\mathminus M_{u,\varepsilon}^{(1)} & 0 \\
\mathminus M_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
\mathminus m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
M_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
0 & \mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
0 & \mathminus M_{u,\varepsilon}^{(2)} \\
0 & \mathminus M_u^{(2)} \\
0 & m_u^{(2)} \\
0 & \mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
0 & M_u^{(2)} \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0
\end{bmatrix} \delta_k + 
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
1 & 0 \\
\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
1 & 0 \\ 
\mathminus 1 & 0 \\ 
0 & 0 \\ 
0 & 0 \\ 
0 & 1 \\ 
0 & \mathminus 1 \\ 
0 & 1 \\ 
0 & \mathminus 1 \\ 
0 & 0 \\ 
0 & 0 \\ 
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0
\end{bmatrix} z_k \leq
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 \\
\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
1 & 0 \\
\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 \\
0 & \mathminus 1 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 1 \\
0 & \mathminus 1 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
\mathminus 1 & \mathminus 1 \\
1 & 1
\end{bmatrix} u_k +
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 \\
1 & 0 \\
\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 \\
0 & \mathminus 1 \\
0 & 0 \\
0 & 0
\end{bmatrix} x_k +
\begin{bmatrix}
\mathminus m_u^{(1)} \\
\mathminus \varepsilon \\
0 \\
0 \\
\mathminus m_u^{(1)} \\
M_u^{(1)} \\
\mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
\mathminus \varepsilon \\
0 \\
0 \\
\mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
M_u^{(2)} \\
m_x^{(1)} \\
M_x^{(1)} \\
m_x^{(2)} \\
M_x^{(2)} \\
\mathminus m_{d,k} \\
M_{d,k}
\end{bmatrix}
$$

\end{document}

[Johannes_B]

I renewed the arraystretch inside the math environment (be sure
not to use $$ <math> $$) because those massive
entries looked to cramped.

Code: Select all

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[cmex10]{mathtools}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\newcommand*{\mathminus}{%
	\leavevmode
	\hphantom{0}%
	\llap{%
		\settowidth{\dimen0 }{$0$}%
		\resizebox{1.1\dimen0 }{\height}{$-$}%
	}%
}

\begin{document}

%$$
\[
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.35}
\begin{bmatrix*}
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	\mathminus M_{u,\varepsilon}^{(1)} & 0 \\
	\mathminus M_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	M_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	0 & \mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & \mathminus M_{u,\varepsilon}^{(2)} \\
	0 & \mathminus M_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & m_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & \mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & M_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0
\end{bmatrix*} \delta_k +
\begin{bmatrix*}[r]
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0
\end{bmatrix*} z_k \leq
\begin{bmatrix*}[r]
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & \mathminus 1 \\
	1 & 1
\end{bmatrix*} u_k +
\begin{bmatrix*}[r]
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0
\end{bmatrix*} x_k +
\begin{bmatrix*}
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} \\
	\mathminus \varepsilon \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} \\
	M_u^{(1)} \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	\mathminus \varepsilon \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	M_u^{(2)} \\
	m_x^{(1)} \\
	M_x^{(1)} \\
	m_x^{(2)} \\
	M_x^{(2)} \\
	\mathminus m_{d,k} \\
	M_{d,k}
\end{bmatrix*}
%$$
\]

\end{document}

[mgulin]

Wow, thanks! This was very helpful.
Why \[ and \] are used, what do they do? And why bmatrix* environment, because of the alignment?

Another issuse: now that you've aligned contents to the right, the right bracket is too close to contents. I can add hphantom to all entries, but is there any way to do this automatically? (only for right bracket)

Best,
Marko.

[Johannes_B]

Using $$ math $$ is the old TeX way. LaTeX uses \[ math \] to do the task. The starred variant for the different matrices is provided by package mathtools. If you have a lot of maths, you should check out the documentation. There are some useful things in there.
Check out the following, it looks as the content is too close, but actually it just appears like that, because youre other content is so spacy.

Code: Select all

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[cmex10]{mathtools}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\newcommand*{\mathminus}{%
	\leavevmode
	\hphantom{0}%
	\llap{%
		\settowidth{\dimen0 }{$0$}%
		\resizebox{1.1\dimen0 }{\height}{$-$}%
	}%
}

\begin{document}

%$$
\[
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.35}
\begin{bmatrix*}
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	\mathminus M_{u,\varepsilon}^{(1)} & 0 \\
	\mathminus M_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	M_u^{(1)} & 0 \\
	0 & \mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & \mathminus M_{u,\varepsilon}^{(2)} \\
	0 & \mathminus M_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & m_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & \mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & M_u^{(2)} \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0
\end{bmatrix*} \delta_k +
\begin{bmatrix*}[r]
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0
\end{bmatrix*} z_k \leq
\begin{bmatrix*}[r]
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & \mathminus 1 \\
	1 & 1
\end{bmatrix*} u_k +
\begin{bmatrix*}[r]
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	1 & 0 \\
	\mathminus 1 & 0 \\
	0 & 1 \\
	0 & \mathminus 1 \\
	0 & 0 \\
	0 & 0
\end{bmatrix*} x_k +
\begin{bmatrix*}
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} \\
	\mathminus \varepsilon \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(1)} \\
	M_u^{(1)} \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	\mathminus \varepsilon \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	\mathminus m_u^{(2)} \\
	M_u^{(2)} \\
	m_x^{(1)} \\
	M_x^{(1)} \\
	m_x^{(2)} \\
	M_x^{(2)} \\
	\mathminus m_{d,k} \\
	M_{d,k}
\end{bmatrix*}
+
\begin{bmatrix*}
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
	0 \\
\end{bmatrix*}
1
%$$
\]

\end{document}