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You can use vertical space ( Insert > Formatting > Vertical Space ). E.g., to have text only in the middle and the bottom, you can use something like this:
1 . Insert a vertical space using VFill in "Spacing" drop-down list, with "Protect" checked (without "Protect", vertical spacing without any ...

Shouldn't behave that way. Did you check "Ins" key on your keyboard. If it's active, then what you described is completely normal behaviour in any editor.

If you want an easy version, you can try enumitem package instead of memoir's way of dealing with lists. E.g.:

\documentclass{memoir}

\usepackage{enumitem}% for customizing the lists

\usepackage{showframe}% just to show page geometry, not needed

\begin{document}

\noindent Some text.

\begin ...

Always look at the exact name of the .sty file, that's the one you should use when loading a package. In this case, it is prooftree.sty, not proofs. So, load it by the command:

Since you installed the package using MikTeX, it should be ready for use. To load a package, you use usepackage command. So, in LyX, all you have to do is to load the package by:

1. Going to Document > Settings > Preamble
2. Typing in the preamble the following:

\usepackage{bussproofs}

After ...

First of all the ToC. The problem is, the names for the nomenclature and the references are still not upper case. I managed to display "Abbildungsverzehnis" and "Tabellenverzehnis" in upper case by changing the following code.

\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS}
\addcontentsline ...

[...]
I wanted to have upper case letters for the chapters in the ToC instead of every chapter heading in the text in upper case letters. What do I have to do to achieve this?

You can try uppercase command in the preamble, like this:

% Definitionen zur Inhaltsverzeichnis-Formatierung ...

[...] How is it possible to make the page numbers of the pages for the LoF and LoT according to the main page numbers so it doesn't start to count from 1 when the appendix starts? I have tried so long now and couldn't find any solution to this problem.

Remove \pagenumbering{arabic} command before ...

A somehow similar question was asked here. Maybe \SectionNumbersOn will do the trick.

You should add that "foo.bib" file of yours, with at least one entry in it with which, when .tex file is compiled, the error occurs. I didn't encounter any issues when using your code. An example (using pdflatex , TeXLive 2011):


\begin{filecontents}{foo.bib}
@BOOK{mittelbach2006,
author ...