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Bibtex puts unbreakable spaces (~) in place where it thinks a linebreak is unsuitable. However, it seems odd that you get one before the year. To see in detail what happens we would need to see an actual bibtex entry where this happens. The best would be if you could could post a complete minimal ...

I don't know on any complete examples (apart from any style file that comes with your TeX distribution), but for as a reference for the language I like » Tame the BeaST « and of course the original documentation by Oren Patashnik, which is available in the TeX distribution under the name »btxhak ...

Here is one solution:
ENTRY {} {} {}

FUNCTION {remove.period.at.end} {
duplicate$
#-1 #1 substring$
"." =
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #1 - text.prefix$ }
'skip$
if$
}

READ

FUNCTION {test} {
"Abc." remove.period.at.end top$
"{Abc.}" remove.period.at.end top$
"Abcd" remove.period.at.end top ...

The functions look correct bu do not output anything, they just put a string on the stack. To output this string to the .bbl file you need to use the write$ function. Since you only posted a short snippet, I can't tell if you actually did that. To find the actual error I would need to see the full ...

It should be possible to change to .bst. However, since you are using your own custom style file, it is hard to tell exactly where to make the change. If you attach the .bst maybe someone could have a look.

Olof

apalike should write it as 'editors' if there is more than one name in the editor field. However, in your bibtex entry there is one level of brackets too many, so bibtex interprets the editor field as a single name. If you change it to Editor={Chapin {III}, F.S. and K{\"o}rner, C.H.} it should come ...

Do you run "bibtex bu1" after running the compiler? I've never used TeXnicCenter, but I suspect that most latex-aware editors are unable to detect when BibTeX needs to be run with an argument other than the main .aux file.

Adding styling information in the bib-file is not a solution. What fonts are used for the different parts of the reference should be up to the bibtex style. If you're not able to find a style you like you can either make some changes to an existing style or use custom-bib to generate a new one.

The jphysicsB style does not print the title for articles. Use another style, or make a copy of jphysicsB.bst under a new name and change it to show the titles of articles.

The note field is used for any extra information that you want to appear in the bibliography . To add personal notes that you ...

I think you want to have
\nocitesec{*} in the second part.

However, I don't think it's a good idea to use the same bibliography for both sections if any references will occur in both, since the label will appear twice. Any such citation will point to just one of these references.

My version of ...