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The answer to question 1 depends on the documentclass, and since the Overleaf project isn't available anymore, I cannot take a look at it.

Regarding question 2: The trick is to take away the parenthesis from the subfigure label format and add it to the counter representation instead, for example ...

It seems that a KOMA-Script document class is used? If yes take a closer look at section "3.20. Gleitumgebungen für Tabellen und Abbildungen" of the scrguide [1].

To me it seems that \setcaptionalignment{c} (placed within the figure, right before \caption is what you are looking for.

[1] https ...

How are the "specialtables" implemented?

Do you have a small example document for us showing the problem?

MikTeX tries to install the missing "cancel" package on-the-fly, but cannot reach its server via internet.

You could try to install it manually. Start the application "MikTeX Console", go to the "Packages" tab and try to install the "cancel" package there.

There is no quality control when new versions of packages are uploaded to CTAN and distributed through the TeX distributions. How the maintainer tests its package before uploading it to CTAN is completely his own business.

Therefore there is a good chance that new bugs are introduced with new ...

I will re-upload the "newfloat" package as a separate package in the next weeks anyway (since it's independent of the "caption" package). This way the information about the newfloat package should be updated on CTAN.

New URL of the repository: https://gitlab.com/axelsommerfeldt/newfloat

There is an old version of subcaption.sty in the document directory, too, which is incompatible to the caption package version you use. Please simply delete it as well, so the version included in MikTeX will be used instead.

Fixed with commit https://gitlab.com/axelsommerfeldt/caption/commit/98248cef69723da296b4d24e8837fe6a1103d60b

I will push a new version of the "caption package bundle" to CTAN soon; in the meantime please use https://gitlab.com/axelsommerfeldt/caption/raw/master/tex/newfloat.sty as replacement of ...

Crosspost: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions ... ve-defined

Apparently, the option tablename doesn't exist anymore (?), and need to be change to name only. Is that it ?
No, the option tablename still exists. But it has to be used as global option on the preamble, e.g. \captionsetup{tabelname=Table} .

Code like \captionsetup[table]{tablename=Table} tries ...